As you have learned this week, communicative competence is important to a child’s cognitive and social development. The goal of this second observation is to watch and listen to a preschool child for evidence of the child’s communicative competence in relation to one or more of the following measures:
- Adjusts messages to meet the listener’s needs
- Asks appropriate questions
- Able to initiate and maintain conversations
- Clearly conveys intentions
- Addresses all participants when joining a group
- Makes positive comments
- Able to persuade and verbally comfort others
To complete the assignment:
Plan: Choose a preschool-age child who is between 3 and 5 years old to observe in a comfortable setting, such as the child’s home, preschool program, or on a playground. Although you are observing one child, the child needs to be in a setting where he or she is interacting with others – children and/or adults. Here are tips for planning the observation:
- As outlined in Week 1, explain to the adult (parent or caregiver) the purpose of your observation and how the information you gather will be used. Get permission to tape-record the child’s interactions with others. Set a time and date for the observation. Review information from this week’s readings about communicative competence in the language use of children ages 3–5 .
- Click on the link below to download, print out, and review the document you will use to record your observations:
- Arrive on time for the observation. Take time for pre-observation interaction with the child. Ask the adult about how the child’s day is going before you begin the observation. Just as with younger children, factors such as a child feeling tired, hungry, or upset can influence the child’s mood and behavior.
- Test your recorder to be sure it is working, and then place it in an optimal spot for recording the child’s language.
Observe: Watch and listen for at least 20 minutes. You may need to move out of the child’s vision range to avoid distracting the child and influencing his or her language interaction with others. Choose a place to observe where you can see and hear the child. As you observe, take notes on the Observation Guide (which lists the measures of communicative competence). Use the information in your course text and other readings to note evidence of the child’s communicative competence. Some guidelines:
- Keep your attention focused on the child.
- Use only what you see and hear as evidence of the child’s communicative competence. Be mindful to not make assumptions about a child; objectivity is essential. Remember that despite similarities shared by children of various ages, each child is different and develops language—and communicative competence—in his or her own way. Keep that uniqueness in mind as you observe the child.
- You are observing in real time, so you may observe a lot of activity from the child or very little. Record what you observe.
- Enjoy the experience. Use what you’ve learned this week to try to imagine the world through the eyes and ears of a preschooler learning and growing in language use.
- Stick to the time span you agreed to for the observation and be sure to thank the adult and child for their cooperation.
- Remember that this observation experience is intended as a chance for you to learn. Be careful not to express your views of the child’s communicative competence with the parent or other adult.
Reflect on your observations. Review your notes and listen to the recording of the child’s use of language and any adult interaction as many times as necessary to complete the following:
- Write one or more pages briefly describing what you observed. Provide specific examples of the child’s use of language that relate to the measures of communicative competence that you observed. (Most likely you will not have examples of each measure.) Include any examples of ways an important adult (such as the parent or teacher) acted to support the child’s communicative competence by describing what the adult did and how it potentially helped the child. Include insights that you gained from the observation.
- Based on your observation and what you have learned about communicative competence, write a brief script (following examples like those in Chapter 6 of the course text) that illustrates how an important adult (parent or teacher) might foster this child’s increased communicative competence in one or two related measures.
Note: Do not use the real names of the adult and child. Use only first names, initials, or fictitious names for the child and the adult to protect their privacy.
Assignment length: 2–3 pages (You are not required to submit your Observation Guide.)
Language Development Face-to-Face: Observations and Interviews
Part 2: Preschool-Age Child Observation Guide
Observing a Preschool-Age Child (3–5) for Evidence of
Communicative Competence
About the Observation
-
Child’s age and gender: _C.C age 4 years old Boy______________________________________
-
Pertinent information about how the child is feeling/acting before the observation: _Child is really amazed with so many basketballs and different bikes__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
-
Observation setting : Daycare playground_________________________________________
-
Observation start and end times: 10:01 am -10:29am______________________________
-
Child’s main activities during the observation: C.C main activity was cathing and bouncing the basketball.__________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
-
Other children present (describe how many and relationships to child, such as friends, siblings, or children the child is meeting for the first time or doesn’t know well):
__There were six other children present. The children that were present was his classmates ._____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
-
Adult(s) present: _2________________________________________________
Measures of Communicative Competence
As you observe, take notes on the chart below. Indicate whether or not you see or hear evidence related to each measure. Under “Details,” note what you see or hear from the child, other children’s actions or responses, or an adult’s actions or responses. Be careful not to make assumptions. Be aware that you may not observe evidence related to each measure, and that’s OK. Focus on what you observe. If you record the child’s (and others’) spoken language during the observation, replay the recording later to add more details to the chart.
Measure |
Did You Observe? |
Details |
Adjusts messages to meet the listener’s needs.
|
Yes |
Teacher kneels down to adjust her self to the communicate with direct eye contact |
Asks appropriate questions. |
Yes |
Teacher ask C.C were why were they crying, and ask would it be alright for her to play ball with them. |
Able to initiate and maintain conversations. |
Yes |
C.C maintained conversation with one child (girl). C.C continued to conversate and initiated the conversation with this child several times while playing ball. |
Clearly conveys intentions.
|
Did not observe
|
|
Addresses all participants when joining a group. |
Did not observe |
km |
Makes positive comments. |
Yes |
CC comments several times how he can ride his bike like a big boy. Teacher comments also and compliments and praises C.C he is doing a great job riding the bike. |
Able to persuade and verbally comfort others. |
Did not observe |
Required Resources
- Course Text: The Development of Language
-
- Chapter 5, “Putting Words Together”
- Chapter 6, “Language in Social Contexts: Communicative Competence”
- Chapter 7, “Theoretical Approaches to Language Acquisition”
- Chapter 10, “Language and Literacy in the School Years”
-
- Read pp. 329–344 up to “Reading”
- Online Reading: Week 3 Reading (PDF)
Used by permission.
- Article: Early Literacy (PDF)
- Web Article: Teaching Your Baby Sign Language Can Benefit Both of You
http://psychcentral.com/lib/teaching-your-baby-sign-language-can-benefit-both-of-you/0002423
Optional Resources
- Web Article: Researchers Discover Environment Influences Children’s Ability to Form, Comprehend Complex Sentences
- Web Site: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: Speech and Language Developmental Milestones
http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/pages/speechandlanguage.aspx
- Web Site: Child Development Institute: Language Development in Children
http://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/language_development.shtml
- Web Article: Bridges to Literacy: Early Routines That Promote Later School Success
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