Author: chris

 

“The complexity of financing in health care is one of the primary characteristics of medical care delivery in the United States” (Shi & Singh, 2012, p. 129). There are numerous reimbursement methods (e.g., capitation, fee-for-service, package pricing, etc.) that are used by health care organizations and providers to get paid for the health care services that they provide. Building upon your Individual Project from Phase 1, construct a PowerPoint presentation of 10–12 slides with speaker notes of 100–150 words per slide that contains the following:

• Summarize 3 different reimbursement methods that are used by health care providers and organizations.
• Choose which method(s) will work best for the health care facility that you have proposed to be developed, and explain why you chose that method(s).
• Discuss the pros and cons of the reimbursement method(s) that you chose.
• Discuss the impact that the method(s) may have on the financial operations of the facility that you chose.

PART 1

1 Describe Wilson and Brown’s typologies of police, and explain how each might use        discretion.

. 2 Describe Sherman’s police “values” and Herbert’s normative orders

PART 2

1. List some laws justified by legal paternalism. Provide the rationale for such laws, as well as opposing arguments. Discuss some types of laws that are justified by legal moralism. What are the major arguments for and against such laws?
2. Describe in detail the evidence for and against the bureaucratic justice model of the system.

 

5. Provide some examples of the types of issues covered in Chapter 3 (for prosecutors) and Chapter 4 (for defense attorneys) of the ABA Criminal Justice Standards.

PART 3

2. What are the three different objectives or approaches to prevention? Explain some issues with each.

 

4. What are the criticisms of the supermax prison? Compare them to the Supreme Court’s definition of cruel and unusual punishment.

PART 4

2. Describe the role ambiguity that Cos faced in the 1970s and 1980s. What are the role types of officers identified by R. Johnson?

 

4. Explain the two areas where probation and parole officers have discretion.

1. What are the EPA�s seven criteria pollutants and their sources? Discuss the environmental and health effects of each pollutant.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

 

2. Describe the greenhouse effect and its importance to life on earth. What are the ways in which human activity is increasing heat storage in the atmosphere?

Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

 

3. Discuss three of the main disputes about climate change that are often heard and read in the popular media. Do you think that any of these claims are valid? Why, or why not?

Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

 

4. What are �dead zones,� and how do they form? What are the sources of pollution that cause cultural eutrophication?

Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Healthcare Synthesis

 

Using the South University online library, the Internet, and the data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), research comparative international work and compare the United States and Canada with respect to which country is more effective in the areas of (1) economic growth; (2) expenditure (public and private expenditure on health); (3) information and communications technology; and (4) health.

Click here to access data from the OECD.

On the basis of your observations, create a 1- to 2-page report.

Your report should address the following questions:

• After going through the statistics:
  • What information or statistic you find either surprising or reasonable?
  • Do you anticipate the statistics will be similar in ten years? Why or why not?
• The current structure of healthcare coverage in the United States has a combination of employer-based coverage and public program (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid) coverage, with a large uninsured population. If a single-payer system is implemented where Medicare is expanded to cover all citizens for those who prefer private insurance, there will be comparable coverage under the same range of private insurance plans already available. Keeping in mind these considerations, answer the following questions:
  • What do you think about allowing some people to purchase additional insurance, thereby creating a two-tier health system based on affordability?
  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of this initiative?
• Considering the fact that healthcare is not a guaranteed right for everyone in the United States, there are different kinds of barriers and obstacles in obtaining healthcare. In contrast to this fact, the notions of equity and fairness are considered very important. You will notice that these notions aren’t considered when we discuss people’s access to other goods, such as cars and computers.
  • What are these barriers? Give examples of the different barriers to health care under the following headings:
    • Financial barriers
    • Scarcity of healthcare providers
    • Barriers to access healthcare
    • Cultural barriers
    • Barriers of healthcare resources
  • How would you define the term, “equity and fairness”, in the context of the healthcare situations prevailing in the United States and Canada?
  • Why are they considered important when discussing people’s access to care?
• It is believed that government funded healthcare for all citizens is consistent with a capitalist economy and the cultural values of self-determination and free enterprise.
  • Do you agree with this statement? If not, what other approaches do you think will resolve the current inequities in the system?

Managed Care

 

In the United States, managed care is becoming an increasingly popular method of administering healthcare. It influences the clinical behavior of providers, as it combines the payment and delivery of healthcare into a single system, the purpose of which is to control the cost, quality, and access of healthcare services for a single bracket of health plan enrollees (Scutchfield, Lee, & Patton, 1997).

Yet, managed care often evokes strong or negative reactions from healthcare providers because they are paid a fixed amount for treating their patients, regardless of the actual cost, which may influence their level of efficiency. This can challenge the relationships between doctors and patients (Claxton, Rae, Panchal, Damico, & Lundy, 2012; Sekhri, 2000).

Research managed care’s inception and study some examples. Be sure to investigate the perspectives about managed care from the vantage of both healthcare providers and patients. You can use the following keywords for your research—United States managed care, history of managed care, and managed care timeline.

Based on your research, answer the following questions in a 8- to 10-page Microsoft Word document:

• What are the positive and negative aspects of managed care? Analyze the benefits and the risks for both providers and patients, and how providers should choose among managed care contracts. Conclude with your analysis and recommendations for managed care health plans. Your response should include answers to the following questions:
  • Summarize the history of when, how, and why managed care was developed.
  • Define and discuss each type of managed care organization (MCO)—health maintenance organization (HMO), preferred provider organization (PPO), and point of sale (POS).
  • Explain the positive and negative aspects, respectively, of managed care organization from the provider’s point of view—a physician and a healthcare facility—and from a patient’s point of view.
  • Explain the three types of incentives for providers for efficiency in the delivery of healthcare services. Explain who bears the financial risk—the provider, the patient, or the managed care organization.
  • Offer your recommendations, to accept or decline, for patients considering managed care health plans, with your rationale for each.

The question to address is: “What have you learned about statistics?”  In developing your responses, consider – at a minimum – and discuss the application of each of the course elements in analyzing and making decisions about data (counts and/or measurements).

The course elements include:

• Descriptive statistics
• Inferential statistics
• Hypothesis development and testing
• Selection of appropriate statistical tests
• Evaluating statistical results.

The Final Paper:

1. Must be three to- five double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
2. Must include a title page with the following:
   1. Title of paper
   2. Student’s name
   3. Course name and number
   4. Instructor’s name
   5. Date submitted
3. Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
4. Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
5. Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
6. Must use at least three scholarly sources, in addition to the text.

Application: What Went Wrong at Abu Ghraib?

 

 

 

No one would question that the events that took place in Abu Ghraib in 2004 (Gilman & Lewis, 2005) were unethical, but when it comes to identifying the causes, opinions vary greatly. While individuals are ultimately responsible for their own ethical behavior, institutional and situational causes provide the breeding ground for ethical breaches to occur. It is important to explore historical situations that provide insight into how the abuse of power leads to unethical decision making.

 

 

 

The assignment (2 pages): Due by Sunday 10/25/15.

 

Identify one individual, one institutional, and one situational ethical breach that took place at Abu Ghraib.

 

 

 

For each identified ethical breach, suggest an underlying cause or institutional challenge.

 

 

 

Explain how insights gained from the Stanford Prison Experiment might apply to each underlying cause or institutional challenge.

 

 

Support your work with specific citations from the Learning Resources. You are allowed to draw from additional sources to support your explanation, but you must cite using APA standards. All quoted material must be identified, cited, and referenced per APA standards.

Assignment Overview

• You must define a problem.  This must be a real problem that currently exists and for which there has been no solution applied.  It might be a problem at work, at UHD, at your church or volunteer group.  The problem might be lack of proper equipment, such as an inadequate telephone system, to perform certain tasks.  The problems might be lack of food services in some buildings at your work place or at UHD. The problem might be lack of child care at work or at school.
• This problem must be a real problem being faced by a real existing organization.  Y will take on the role of an employee of the organization and you will be reporting to the person responsible for solving the problem you have identified.  Ideally, this will be a real person who actually works for the organization you have identified.  You must identify that person, real or fictional, and you will write your report for that person.
• You must propose at least one potential solution to the problem.  You can propose more than one potential solution, and your study will determine which solution will provide the “best” solution to the problem.
• Your study and report will not be about the problem you have identified.  Your study and report will be about your proposed solution(s).  The problem can be explained in your report in two or three paragraphs (with appropriate documentation) as a valid problem.  After that, your report will concentrate on the analysis of your proposed solution(s) to determine if the solution proposed is likely to be feasible and will realistically solve the problem.
• Be aware that this assignment is not a typical college term paper.  You will be expected to collect real information to determine if your proposed solution will likely work or not.  That may mean you will be expected to try out your proposed solution.   Also please understand that negative results are just as valuable as positive results.

 

For the Topic Selection Assignment, please consider the following:

• You must identify the organization and the location where you are considering its application.  Identify the location by its street address.
• You must identify the person and person’s position / title for whom you will be writing the report.  Ideally, this is a real person who works for the organization.
• If you are evaluating more than one potential solution, describe the criteria for evaluating the best solution.  If you are evaluating only one potential solution, describe the criteria you will use to determine if the proposed solution will solve the problem.
• If applicable and appropriate, consider using a questionnaire as a method of gathering real statistical information.
• You should do enough preliminary research to determine if you can obtain the information necessary to complete a study on the proposed topic.

The Assignment

• Write a descriptive title for your research study report. A descriptive title means that the reader should be able to tell what is contained in the report by reading the title.
• Identify the organization and location.
• Identify the person to whom you will be submitting the final report.  Ideally, this is a real person who works for the organization you named.
• Define the problem and the organization for which you are proposing at least one potential solution.
• Describe your proposed solution(s).
• List the criteria you will use for evaluating the proposed solutions.  How will you decide if the proposed solution will solve the problem?
• If you are planning to use a questionnaire, include a draft of the questionnaire with your topic.
• Provide a preliminary Reference page (APA) or a Works Cited page (MLA) listing at least three creditable sources you expect to use while researching your topic.  These are preliminary sources only.  You may or may not choose to use them.

Personal Interest Essay Questions:

1. What issue interests you? Why does this topic interest you? Do you have any personal experience with this issue? In other words, does this issue have an effect on your life in some way? Basically, explain why you care about this issue or why you want to write about it.

 

2. Why is this issue controversial, arguable, or important? What have other people already said about this issue? Provide a summary of what you’ve already learned about this issue and the kinds of arguments being made.

 

3. Who seems to care most about this issue? Why do they care? Who does this issue affect?

 

4. If you write about this topic for the Documented Argument, what unique perspective can you bring to this issue? Will you look at the issue from a cultural perspective? A feminist perspective? An economic perspective? Or, think about your college major and what perspective that knowledge will allow you to apply to the issue. For example, what would nurses say about your issue? Engineers? Teachers? Scientists?

 

5. Finally, what questions do you have about this issue? What do you hope to learn about this issue with further research?

The writing must be clear and logical and as free of spelling and grammatical errors as possible. A student should never submit a paper without rereading and proofing it. It may even be necessary to get someone to assist in this process by having him or her read the paper and check for these mistakes. The student should not fail to run spell-check on his or her writing.

Please remember that easily correctable spelling and grammatical mistakes left uncorrected will result in significant loss of points.

3) This paper requires MLA formatting that includes:

a. 12-point font

b. double-spaced sentences

c. title and personal identification

d. a separate works cited page properly formatted

e. specific bibliographical form for print and electronic sources in your works cited

f. a specific form for parenthetical (in-text) citations of the sources listed in your works cited

The student will be graded on how well his or her style conforms to the above basic requirements in MLA.

4) The works cited must include no less than four sources. Those sources must be relevant to the topic and meet minimum academic qualifications. The acceptable types of sources include the following:

a. class text

b. print or electronic book

c. electronic, peer-reviewed journal article

d. website with a .edu address

5) Certain sources do not qualify for works cited. You will be penalized if you use them. These are:

a. Wikipedia

b. standard dictionary or encyclopedia (web or paper)

c. any website not .edu

The student should remember that any source listed in your works cited that does not meet the above criteria will not count towards the minimum number of required sources.

6) For every source listed in the works cited, a student must have at least one corresponding parenthetical (in-text) reference. This will demonstrate how a student has used the source.

The student should remember that any source not accompanied by at least one parenthetical reference (and any parenthetical reference not associated with a source in your works cited) will not count towards the minimum number of required sources.