Please remember the following formatting and writing elements (getting them wrong WILL reduce your mark to a greater or lesser extent depending upon the amount of formatting or writing errors):
a) Musical compositions and album titles, like book and film titles go in Italics
b) The creator’s name and year of publication/release go in brackets after the first reference to a text
c) The full stop after a quote goes AFTER the reference (like this).
d) Do not start sentences with conjunctions (and, but, because, or or with). A conjunction is a joining word
which links different parts of a sentence unless for dramatic emphasis (which is why journalists do it all
the time).
e) 1.5 or Double space your essay when submitting it.
f) Remember to put page numbers.
g) DO NOT PUT YOUR NAME ON THE DOCUMENT, WE MARK ANONYMOUSLY.
h) The list of texts you have used is called a Bibliography (for printed material like books or chapters), a
Filmography (for films), a Videography (for TV or music videos), a Discography (for music) or a
Webography (for websites and material originally from the web).
i) References are NOT the list at the end but are the individual citations throughout your essay.
j) Proofread carefully – try reading things out loud to help (you’ll be surprised how efficient it is in helping
you spot areas of punctuation, spelling or grammatical concern).
k) Save your file so that when you upload the final version you are confident it is that version. For example,
Module Number-Student Number-DRAFT but then replace DRAFT with FINAL for the copy to submit. A lot of people accidently submit wrong versions for the lack of clear file names.
Key Reading
Jewitt, C. and Oyama, R ‘Visual Meaning: A Social Semiotic Approach’, in Jewitt and Van Leeuwen (2001) Handbook of Visual Analysis, London: Sage pp134-156.
Further Reading
Adorno, T (1991). The Culture Industries: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. Edited with an introduction by J.M Bernstein. London: Routledge.
Bennett, T (1993). Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions. London: Routledge.
Brabazon, T. (2002) ‘Robbie Williams: A better man?’, International Journal of Cultural Studies, Vol. 5(1), London: Sage, pp 45-66.
Buxton, D (1990), ‘Rock Music, The Star System and the Rise of Consumerism’ in Frith, S and Goodwin, A. On Record: Rock, Pop and the Written Word. London: Routledge.
Cashmore, E. (1996). The Black Culture Industry. London: Routledge.
Chapple, S and Garafalo, R. (1977). Rock n Roll is Here to Pay: The History and Politics of the Music Industry, Chicago, Nelson-Hall.
Crisell, A (2006). More than a Music Box. London: Berghahn Books.
Denselow, R (1989). When the Music’s Over. London: Faber.
Floyd, S Jr. (1999). International Dictionary of Black Composers. Chicago; London: Fitzroy Dearborn.
Frith, S. (2006). ‘The Industrialisation of Music’ in Bennet et al, The Popular Music Studies Reader, London: Routledge. 11-23. On Blackboard courtesy of the library
Frith, S. (1996). Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Frith, S (1987). ‘The Industrialisation of Popular Music’ in Lull, J (ed.) Popular Music and Communication. London: Sage.
Gledhill, C (1991). Stardom: Industry of Desire. London: Routledge.
Garofalo, R. (1993) ‘Whose World, What Beat? The Transnational Music Industry: Identity, and Cultural Imperialism’, World of Music, Vol.35, no.2: pp.16-32
Garofalo, R (ed), (1992). Rockin’ the Boat: Mass Music and Mass Movements. Boston: South End Press.
Hardy, P. (1990). The Faber Companion to 20th-Century Popular Music, London: Faber.
Harrison, A (2005). Music: The Business. London: Virgin.
Hibbett, R. (2005). ‘What is Indie Rock?’, Popular Music and Society. Vol 28, No 1. London: Taylor and Francis, pp55-77.
Kaplan, E (1987). Rocking around the Clock: Music Television, Postmodernism and Consumer Culture. London: Methuen.
Karmen, S (1989). Through the Jingle Jungle. London: Billboard Books.
King, S. A., Bays, B. T., and Foster, P. R. (2002). Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control. Jackson, University Press of Mississippi
Jones, M. (2003). ‘The Music Industry as Workplace: An Approach to Analysis’ in Bech, A (ed.) Cultural Work: Understanding the Cultural Industries. London: Routledge.
Lebrecht, N (1997). Who Killed Classical Music. London: Birch Lane Press.
Marshall, P. D. (1997). Celebrity and Power. University of Minnesota Press.
Negus, K (1999). Music Genres and Corporate Cultures. London: Routledge.
Negus, K (1992). Producing Pop: Culture and Conflict in the Popular Music Industry, London: Arnold.
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